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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Traffic Violations Bureau ： ウィキペディア英語版 Traffic Violations Bureau The Traffic Violations Bureau (TVB) is a part of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles that adjudicates non-criminal traffic violations (other than parking violations) in New York City and Rochester.〔Vehicle and Traffic Law article 2-A, § 225 ''et seq.'' 15 NYCRR § 121.3; "A Traffic Violations Bureau is established in the Department of Motor Vehicles. This bureau shall be made up of those administrative law judges, supervisors and clerical personnel assigned by the commissioner to carry out the provisions of article 2-A of the Vehicle and Traffic Law and this Subchapter."〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=New York State Department of Motor Vehicles )〕 ==Proceedings== The TVB conducts its proceedings according to the (Administrative Adjudication of Traffic Violations ) regulations in the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations. Unlike a true court, the TVB is an administrative agency, with different procedures regarding elements ranging from rules of evidence to threshold for conviction. The function of the judge is carried out by an administrative law judge, or ALJ. The sole options are to plead guilty or not guilty: plea bargains are not conducted, nor can the judge reduce a charge or a penalty, only rule guilty or not guilty on the stated charge. The judge does have the authority to increase a fine, as well as to suspend a license. There is no absolute right to a supporting deposition, and rules on admissibility of hearsay evidence are far more lax than in regular court. Typically, the hearing consists simply of each side presenting its story, the allowance of hearsay negating the necessity of formalities such as sworn witnesses and the like. Administrative appeals are made to the Motor Vehicle Appeals Board of the DMV.〔15 NYCRR § 126.1〕 There is a fee of $10 for the appeal and $50 for the transcript that must be ordered.〔〔15 NYCRR § 126.2〕 Judicial review of the appeal is made under article 78 of the Civil Practice Law and Rules,〔Vehicle and Traffic Law § 228〕〔15 NYCRR § 126.5〕 which is equivalent to a writ or order of certiorari, mandamus or prohibition.〔Civil Practice Law and Rules § 7801〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Traffic Violations Bureau」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.